Inquérito sorológico de brucelose em machos e fêmeas bovinas em fazendas do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul / Serological survey of brucellosis in males and females of cattle in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul

Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de animais soro reagentes à brucelose bovina em fazendas localizadas no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, por meio de exame sorológico utilizando o Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (AAT) e discutir as possíveis diferenças entre as soroprevalências de fêmeas e machos. Foram avaliados, a partir do teste de triagem com Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (AAT), 724 bovinos da raça Nelore, sendo 274 machos e 450 fêmeas, provenientes de oito propriedades com histórico de problemas reprodutivos. O teste foi procedido conforme o protocolo determinado pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Os resultados demonstraram baixa soroprevalência da doença nos bovinos testados, sendo detectada prevalência para a doença de 1,10% nos machos e 2,88% nas fêmeas.Quando se considera o touro isoladamente nos rebanhos, pode-se perceber que a fertilidade é muito mais importante nos machos do que nas fêmeas individualmente, uma vez que os touros podem se acasalar com um número muito maior de fêmeas, seja na monta natural ou na inseminação artificial, demonstrando a importância do inquérito epidemiológico na população geral, principalmente nos machos. A maior frequência da doença foi encontrada nas fêmeas podendo estar relacionada à infecção por Brucella spp. no ambiente decorrente de parto ou aborto tornando as fêmeas transmissoras permanentes da doença.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of seroreactive animals to bovine brucellosis in farms located in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, by means of a serological examination using the Acidified Buffered Antigen (AAT) and to discuss the possible differences between the seroprevalence of females and males. A total of 724 Nellore cattle, 274 males and 450 females, from eight farms with a history of reproductive problems, were evaluated using the screening test with Acidified Buffered Antigen (AAT). The test was carried out according to the protocol determined by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA).The results showed a low seroprevalence of the disease in the tested cattle, with a prevalence of 1.10% in males and 2.88% in females.When considered the bull alone in herds, it can be shown that fertility is much more important in males than in females individually, since bulls can mate with a much larger number of females, either in natural mating or in artificial insemination, demonstrating the importance of epidemiological survey in the general population, especially in males. The highest frequency of the disease was found in females and may be related to infection by Brucella spp. in the environment from childbirth or abortion making females permanent transmitters of the disease.

Inmunopatología de la brucelosis osteoarticular / Immunopathology of osteoarticular brucelosis

La brucelosis es una de las enfermedades zoonóticas más importantes a nivel mundial capaz de producir enfermedad crónica en los seres humanos. La localización osteoarticular es la presentación más común de la enfermedad activa en el hombre. Sin embargo, algunos de los mecanismos moleculares implicados en la enfermedad osteoarticular han comenzado a dilucidarse recientemente. Brucella abortus induce daño óseo a través de diversos mecanismos en los cuales están implicados TNF-α y RANKL. En estos procesos participan células inflamatorias que incluyen monocitos/macrófagos, neutrófilos, linfocitos T del tipo Th17 y linfocitos B. Además, B. abortus puede afectar directamente las células osteoarticulares. La bacteria inhibe la deposición de la matriz ósea por los osteoblastos y modifica el fenotipo de estas células para producir metaloproteinasas de matriz (MMPs) y la secreción de citoquinas que contribuyen a la degradación del hueso. Por otro lado, la infección por B. abortus induce un aumento en la osteoclastogénesis, lo que aumenta la resorción de la matriz ósea orgánica y mineral y contribuye al daño óseo. Dado que la patología inducida por Brucella afecta el tejido articular, se estudió el efecto de la infección sobre los sinoviocitos. Estos estudios revelaron que, además de inducir la activación de estas células para secretar quemoquinas, citoquinas proinflamatorias y MMPs, la infección inhibe la muerte por apoptosis de los sinoviocitos. Brucella es una bacteria intracelular que se replica en el retículo endoplásmico de los macrófagos. El análisis de los sinoviocitos infectados con B. abortus indicó que las bacterias también se multiplican en el retículo endoplasmático, lo que sugiere que la bacteria podría usar este tipo celular para la multiplicación intracelular durante la localización osteoarticular de la enfermedad. Los hallazgos presentados en esta revisión intentan responder a preguntas sobre los mediadores inflamatorios implicados en el daño osteoarticular causado por Brucella. (AU)

Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases that can produce chronic disease in humans worldwide. Osteoarticular involvement is the most common presentation of human active disease. The molecular mechanisms implicated in bone damage have started to be elucidated. B. abortus induces bone damage through diverse mechanisms in which TNF-α and RANKL are implicated. These processes are driven by inflammatory cells, including monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, Th17 lymphocytes and B cells. Also, Brucella abortus (B. abortus) can directly affect osteoarticular cells. The bacterium inhibits bone matrix deposition by osteoblast and modifies the phenotype of these cells to produce matrix methalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokine secretion that contribute to bone matrix degradation. B. abortus also affects osteoclast increasing mineral and organic bone matrix resorption and contributing to bone damage. Since the pathology induced by Brucella species involves joint tissue, experiments conducted in sinoviocytes revealed that besides inducing the activation of these cells to secrete chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines and MMPS, the infection also inhibits sinoviocyte apoptosis. Brucella is an intracellular bacterium that replicate in the endoplasmic reticulum of macrophages. The analysis of B. abortus infected sinoviocytes indicated that bacteria also replicate in their reticulum suggesting that the bacterium could use this cell type for intracellular replication during the osteoarticular localization of the disease. The findings presented in this review try to answer key questions about the inflammatory mediators involved in osteoarticular damage caused by Brucella. (AU)

Serology for Brucella abortus in cart horses from an urban area in Brazil / Sorologia para Brucella abortus em cavalos de carroça de área urbana do Brasil

Avaliou-se a infecção por Brucella abortus em cavalos de carroça de Curitiba e São José dos Pinhais-PR. Um total de 123 amostras foi submetido ao teste do antígeno tamponado acidificado (ATA), soroaglutinação lenta em tubos (SAL) e prova do 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME) para confirmação dos resultados. Oito (6,5%) equinos foram positivos para o ATA e um animal permaneceu positivo ao teste confirmatório. Existem evidências da presença de brucelose entre os cavalos de carroça.

Detecção de anticorpos anti - brucella abortus em cães da comunidade Porto Camargo - Pr / Detección de anticuerpos anti - brucella abortus en perros de la comunidad Porto Camargo - Pr / Detection of anti - brucella abortus dogs in the community of Porto Camargo - Pr

As bactérias do gênero Brucella são responsáveis por grande parte dos abortos e casos de infertilidade nos animais domésticos. Dentre as espécies conhecidas, a que mais acomete o cão é a B. canis, porém, em certas condições, também podem ser afetados com a B. abortus. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal detectar anticorpos anti-B. abortus em cães domiciliados da comunidade de Porto Camargo ? PR. Para isso, foram coletadas 42 amostras de sangue de cães oriundos desta comunidade, que foram examinadas pelo Método de Soroaglutinação Rápida para detecção de anticorpos anti-Brucella. Obteve-se 0,0% de resultados positivos para anticorpos anti-Brucella abortus, demonstrando a não contaminação dos cães.

Bacteria of the genus Brucella are responsible for most cases of abortions and infertility in domestic animals. Among the known species, the one that affects the dog is the B. kennels, however, under certain conditions, may also be affected with B. abortus. This work aimed to detect anti-B. abortus house dogs in the community of Porto Camargo- Paraná, Brazil. So it was collected 42 blood samples from dogs in this community, which were examined by Rapid Agglutination Test Method for detection of antibodies to Brucella. We obtained 0.0% positive results for anti-Brucella abortus, showing no contamination of the dogs.

Las bacterias del género Brucella son responsables por gran parte de los abortos y casos de infertilidad en los animales domésticos. Entre las especies conocidas, la que más acomete el perro es la B.canis, todavía en algunas condiciones, también pueden ser afectados con la B. abortus. Esta investigación buscó detectar anticuerpos anti-B.abortus en perros domiciliados en la comunidad de Porto Camargo-PR. Para tanto, fueron colectadas 42 muestras de sangre de perros oriundos de esta comunidad, que fueron examinadas por el Método de Suero aglutinación Rápida para detección de anticuerpos anti-Brucella. Se alcanzó 0,0% de resultados positivos para anticuerpos anti-Brucella abortus, no demostrando contaminación de los perros.

Human brucellosis in Khartoum state: a commonly underdiagnosed disease

Human brucellosis is a major debilitating zoonotic disease. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella The serum antibody titres to Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus of one thousand febrile patients, randomly selected from Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman Teaching Hospitals, were estimated by the STAT. Eighty nine [8.9%] of the febrile patients had brucellosis. The average age of brucellosis patient was 43.9 years. Sixty three [70.8%] of the brucellosis patients were males, and 26 [29.2%] were females. Fifty four [60.7%] of them had significant titres to Brucella melitensis while 23 [25.8%] patients had significant titres to Brucella abortus. Twelve [13.5%] patients had significant titres to both Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus. The average diagnostic delay of brucellosis in this study was 88.6 days. Brucellosis was found to be misdiagnosed as malaria or typhoid fever. Animal contact was found to be a significant risk factor

Cloning and expression of Brucella cyclic beta-1, 2 glucan transporter gene [cgt]

Brucellosis is an important cosmopolitan infection disease caused by organisms belonging to the genus Brucella. The cgt gene [cyclic beta-1, 2 glucan transporter gene] is a virulent factor in Brucella genus. The present study was conducted with the aim of cloning and expression of Brucella cgt gene. Brucella melitensis cgt gene was amplified from extracted chromosomal DNA by PCR, then PCR product was cloned into pTZ57R and subcloned into pGEMEX-1 expression vector, then expressed in JM109 E. coli strain. Recombinant protein was confirmed by western blot analysis using patient's serum. The PCR product was cloned in pTZ57R plasmid via T/A cloning method. Recombinant plasmid was digested by Band HI and SacI restriction enzymes, the released band was purified and subcloned into pGEMEX-1 expression vector. Then, sample cells were lysed using lyses buffer and sonicated, then electrophoresed on SDS-PAGE. Protein bands were transferred on nitrocellulose membrane and reacted by patient's serum and detected by FIRP conjugated-anti human antibody. We cloned and expressed Brucella abortus cyclic beta-1, 2-glucan transporter gene [cgt] which is an important agent in brucellosis. Using cgt gene mutant may be an effective way for inhibiting or decreasing the pathogenicity of bacteria

Brucelosis humana en América / Human brucellosis in America

Brucellosis ís a worldwide emerging zoonosis, Mexico, Peru and Rio de La Plata basin are most endemic areas ín America. Although Babortus - affecting cattie - is most spread in animals all around the world, 8. melitensis causes most of human cases. Its clinical features are classic with varied manifestations that may compromiso severas body systems, fever, specially an ondulating pattem, and arthralgia or lumbalgia suggest the diagnosis. Fever and matase are present in 96.8 and 84.2 percent of cases; headache, anorexia, chills and arthralgia are common symptoms too. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentaron, serology and specially blood or bone marrow cultures. Combined doxicycline and rífampin is the first choice treatment

Vacuna fenol-insoluble contra la brucelosis humana: evaluacion del poder inmunogenico en cobayos / Phenol-insoluble vaccine against human brucellosis: evaluation of the immunogenic power in guinea pigs

Se examino una vacuna diseñada para inmunizar al hombre, preparada con extracto de fenol insoluble, para determinar si protegia a cobayos contra el desafio con la cepa virulenta B. abortus 2308. Se incluyeron en el experimento las vacunas vivas atenuadas B. abortus cepa 19 y B. melitensis Rev. 1, para comparar los resultados. Se vacunaron 93 animales en cada grupo, que fueron subdivididos en subgrupos de 31 y se los desafio con '10 POT. 4', '10 POT. 3' Y '10 POT. 2' unidades formadoras de colonias de la cepa B. abortus 2308 virulenta. El analisis global de los resultados demostro una proteccion del 11.9 por ciento en animales vacunados con el extracto de fenol insoluble, 65 por ciento en los vacunados con B. abortus cepa 19 y 95 por ciento en el grupo que recibio vacuna B. melitensis Rev. 1.